From Kustomrama
Long before he became the legendary "
Leadslinger" and the "
Godfather of Hydraulics,"
Bill Hines was already pushing boundaries in
Michigan in the early
1940s. Pictured here with his first custom, a
1941 Buick Convertible, Hines restyled the car sometime between
1941 and
1943, adding
molded fenders, widened rocker panels, and a 2-inch
chopped top. True to his forward-thinking nature, he even added a
fin down the middle of the decklid—years ahead of its time. The bold styling choice wasn’t well received back then, and after enduring endless teasing, he replaced the trunk lid. But that early experiment in customization set the course for a career that would influence generations of builders. Hines' story began in
Ecorse,
Michigan, where he honed his skills before heading west to
California, bringing his unique vision to the heart of the custom car movement. Photo courtesy of the Hines Family.
After serving in the
Marine Corps during
WWII,
Lawrence Garrison moved to
Quincy,
Massachusetts, in
1947, bringing his passion for custom cars to the
East Coast before hot rod and custom car magazines spread the movement. Based on a self-penned design, Larry transformed this
1940 Mercury into a sleek, low-slung masterpiece. He
channeled the body,
sectioned the hood, and
chopped the windshield to achieve a streamlined European-inspired look. Full
fadeaway fenders,
nosed and decked bodywork, and
push-button doors added to its elegance, while
1947 Buick bumpers and
spun hubcaps gave it a distinctive flair. Larry built the car entirely himself, fabricating parts, stitching the Spanish leather interior, and even installing hydraulic window lifts. His Mercury wasn’t just a showstopper. It was a symbol of how custom culture was spreading across America. Luckily, the car has survived, and today it is currently located in
Norway. Photo courtesy of
Paul Garrison.
Benny Furtado's 1948 Ford Convertible. This early
Gene Winfield custom showcases his emerging style before he became a household name. Built at
Windy's Custom Shop, Gene's humble operation in a chicken coop behind his mother’s house at
1309 Figaro Avenue in
Modesto,
California, Furtado's Ford was one of his first customer builds. Benny, a dairyman, bought the car new and drove it stock for a year before bringing it to Gene for a
chop in
1949. The roof was lowered, the rear
fenders were molded, and a padded
Carson-style top from
Hall Upholstery completed the look. To drop it even further, Gene
C-notched the frame, and later, a
1948 Cadillac grille was installed. This Ford stands as an early example of Winfield's craftsmanship before he became one of the most innovative and respected customizers of his era. Photo courtesy of
Orvel "Speed" Reichert.
Marcia Campbell's 1949 Chevrolet Convertible of
Los Angeles,
California. In the male-dominated world of custom cars,
Marcia Campbell was a rare and inspiring figure. Passionate about Customs, she drove her brand-new
1949 Chevrolet convertible straight from the dealership to
Barris Kustoms for a full transformation. The result was a stunning example of late-
1940s custom style, with leadwork, a
chopped top, and a signature
Padded Top by
Gaylord. By the time her Chevy graced the cover of
Motor Trend December 1950, Marcia had already moved on, trading the one-year-old custom for
Carl Abajian's 1942 Ford coupe. The techniques perfected in the 1940s laid the foundation for the golden age of Kustoms in the
1950s. With radical designs, bolder ideas, and more builders pushing boundaries, the next decade would take the scene to new heights—but it all started with pioneers like Marcia and the craftsmen who turned molten lead into rolling works of art.
Ron Maxwell's 1934 Ford 5-Window Coupe of
Salt Lake City,
Utah. The build was started in
1954, when Ron was 15 years old. The first iteration of the coupe was completed in
1955. Ron's coupe ran under flathead and later Cadillac power, competing in B/Altered at strips around Utah. In
2006, current owner
Rob Montalbine decided to chop the top on the car 5 inches.
Before becoming a world-famous artist,
Vincent Lawrence Garrison was just a young car enthusiast growing up in
San Diego,
California. Born in
Detroit in
1923, Larry’s family split their time between
Michigan and
California, but by the late
1930s, they had settled on the
West Coast, right as custom cars were taking off. A skilled painter and designer, Larry worked for
Coca-Cola painting billboards by hand while still in high school. In
1941, he put his artistic talents to use on his first custom, a sleek
1936 Ford Cabriolet. He gave it a
1939 Ford front end,
shaved the running boards, and added a
chopped and
padded top. Finishing touches included
fender skirts,
flipper hubcaps, and
ripple bumpers. Photo courtesy of
Paul Garrison.
Ed Park's 1936 Ford Convertible of
Marshall,
Missouri. Ed's '36 was originally restyled by
Red Swanson of
Portland,
Oregon in
1944.
R.I. Steere of
Tacoma,
Washington continued restyling it in the early
1950s, chopping the top 1 3/4 inches. Ed bought the car in
1959. After buying it, he parked it in his parent's chicken house until
1977. In
1977 he started a restoration that he completed in
1983. Since then the car has gone through a couple of iterations. Ed still owned the car in
2020. He had thousands of miles on the car since the restoration, and he was still working on it.
Allan Winward's 1936 Ford 5-Window Coupe of
Salt Lake City,
Utah. Built by Kipp, the build, known as "Miss Scarlet," was started in
2010 and completed in January of
2016. When Kipp chopped the top on the '36 he took 3 inches out of the A-pillars. The back of the roof was moved forward 3 inches before Kipp chopped it somewhere between 3.25 and 3.5 inches.
Arto Riip's 1937 Studebaker Dictator Coupe of
Lieto,
Finland. Named "Miracle," the car was restyled by
Lumo Automotive. It made its debut at the 10th annual Kustom Kulture show in Helsinki in February
2024 and stands as a testament to the art of custom car modification, balancing historical preservation with innovative automotive design. The top was chopped 2 inches up front and 3 inches in the rear, giving the car a sleek and lowered profile.
After returning from
WWII,
Glen Wall settled in
Whittier,
California, and found himself drawn to the booming post-war custom car scene. In the mid-
1940s, while working at a car lot, he bought this
1939 Ford convertible, already chopped and fitted with a
Carson Top. The car’s sleek, low stance turned heads everywhere he went, and before long, people started offering to buy it. That’s when Glen realized he could turn customizing into a business. He began sourcing
1939 Ford convertibles,
chopping the tops himself, welding the posts, and having them leaded and primed before taking them to
Glen Houser at
Carson Top Shop for a padded top. Black was the best-selling color, and his cars featured
fender skirts,
Appleton spotlights, Buick trim details,
sunken license plates, and dual exhaust. Looking back, Glen told
Sondre Kvipt of
Kustomrama in
2016 that he estimated building and selling around 20-25 custom cars before chuckling, "
But that’s a conservative number." This
1939 Ford was the first, and the one that started it all. Photo from
The Glen and Forey Wall Collection.
Jimmy Summers of
Hollywood,
California, built one of the most influential customs of the
1940s, a radically restyled
1940 Mercury.
Channeled 6 inches and lowered a total of 8 ½ inches, the Merc featured reshaped fenders, a
sectioned hood, and a hand-fabricated grille reminiscent of a
1939 Buick. It sported a 2 1/2 inch
chopped windshield and a tan
Carson Top, giving it a sleek, elegant profile. Restyled in
1946, the car’s first iteration was finished in a stunning Ruby Maroon lacquer, applied in 60 coats, and meticulously polished to perfection. In May 1947,
Popular Mechanics featured the car, bringing Summers’ craftsmanship to a nationwide audience. According to the article, Summers hand-built about one car per week for customers, solidifying his reputation as one of the era’s premier customizers. Photo from
The Jimmy Summers Collection.
Dick Owens of
Redondo Beach,
California, had this
1940 Mercury convertible restyled by
Barris Kustoms after returning from
WWII. A veteran of the
Battle of Guadalcanal, Dick came home, married his girlfriend Betty, and got right into the booming custom car scene. According to Betty’s brother,
Harold Johnson, Dick already had the Mercury in
1945, and it was in grey primer at the time.
Sam Barris handled the
chop, sometime between
1945 and
1947, giving the car a sleek, lowered profile. The running boards were removed and replaced with filler panels, the license plate was recessed into the trunk, and a padded
Carson Top was added by
Glen Houser. The car also featured
fender skirts, and
Hollywood Flipper hubcaps wrapped in
blackwall tires. Photo courtesy of
Tina Bergeson.
Barris Kustoms was still finding its footing when
George Barris' 1941 Buick won top honors at the first
Hot Rod Exposition Show at the
Los Angeles National Guard Armory in January
1948. That victory changed everything. Completed late in
1947, the Buick, with its
chopped top,
fadeaway fenders, Cadillac grille, and deep maroon paint, became a symbol of
Barris’ craftsmanship and helped establish them as top customizers. Understanding the power of publicity, George started photographing his work, ensuring
Barris Kustoms stayed in the spotlight. When
Hot Rod Magazine launched in
1948,
Robert E. Petersen reached out to George for photos, leading to features in magazines across the country. Soon, customers weren’t just coming from
Los Angeles, they were bringing cars in from the
Midwest and
East Coast, eager to have a
Barris-built custom of their own. Photo from
The Jerry Fassett Collection.
Chop - to lower the top by removing a section from the window posts and windshield.
Chopped Cars
Joe Brienza's 1929 Ford Model A Coupe
Henrik Forss' 1930 Ford Model A Coupe - Hollywood Howler
Chris Casny's 1931 Ford Model A Coupe
Joe Tully's 1931 Ford Model A Coupe
Ralph Stone's 1931 Ford Model A Roadster
Norman Kopp's 1932 Chevrolet Coupe
Bruce Olson's 1932 Ford 5-Window Coupe
Conrad W. Jacobs' 1932 Ford 3-Window Coupe - "The Klondyke Koupe"
Jim Papworth's 1932 Ford Roadster
Jon Grinager's 1932 Ford 3-Window Coupe
Sonny Kahal's 1932 Ford Tudor Sedan
Sven Sandberg's 1932 Ford 5-Window Coupe - The Glowing Coupe
Wayne Knudsen's 1932 Ford 3-Window Coupe
Dutch Young' 1933 Ford 3-Window Coupe
Mike Young's 1933 Ford 5-Window Coupe
Ron Price's 1933 Ford 3-Window Coupe
Joe Brienza's 1934 Ford Convertible - The Brienza Special
Ron Maxwell's 1934 Ford 5-Window Coupe
Charlie Grantham's 1935 Ford Pick Up
Gene Winfield's 1935 Ford Shop Truck
Alf Rasmussen's 1936 Ford Convertible
Allan Winward's 1936 Ford 5-Window Coupe - "Miss Scarlet"
Don Brady's 1936 Ford 3-Window Coupe
Ed Park's 1936 Ford Convertible
Ed Pink's 1936 Ford 5-Window Coupe
George Barris' 1936 Ford 3-Window Coupe
Jon Fisher's 1936 Ford 3-Window Coupe
Lawrence Garrison's 1936 Ford Convertible
R.I. Steere's 1936 Ford Convertible
Ray Giovannoni's 1936 Ford Roadster
Glenn Johnson's 1937 Ford Coupe
Gene McCrickard's 1937 Lincoln Zephyr Coupe
Arto Riip's 1937 Studebaker Dictator Coupe - Miracle
Arthur Lellis' 1939 Ford Convertible
Bill Collins' 1939 Ford Convertible
Bill Pearce's 1939 Ford Convertible
Bob Calahan's 1939 Ford Convertible Sedan
Clarence Patterson's 1939 Ford Convertible
Harry Keiichi Nishiyama's 1939 Ford Convertible
Jerry Moffatt's 1939 Ford Convertible
Bill Henderson's 1939 Mercury Convertible
Eddie Dominguez' 1939 Mercury Convertible
Jim Kierstead's 1939 Mercury Coupe
Kalle Jonasson's 1939 Mercury Convertible
Fred Crellar's 1940 Chevrolet Convertible
Johnny Aguirre's 1940 Dodge Business Coupe
Bob Creasman's 1940 Ford Coupe
Fred Cain's 1940 Ford Coupe
Nick De Simon's 1940 Ford Coupe
Paul McGill's 1940 Ford Convertible
Ted Graziano's 1940 Ford Sport Custom
Al Andril's 1940 Mercury Coupe
Dick Owens' 1940 Mercury Convertible
Jimmy Summers' 1940 Mercury Convertible
Johnny Zaro's 1940 Mercury Coupe
Kevan Sledge's 1940 Mercury Coupe
Lawrence Garrison's 1940 Mercury Convertible
Bill Hines' 1941 Buick Convertible
Dan and Ken Hiramoto's 1941 Buick Century Convertible - Raven
Don Holland's 1941 Ford Convertible
Harry Rusbach Jr's 1941 Ford Coupe
John Vara's 1941 Ford Convertible
George Contaoi's 1941 Mercury Coupe
Peter Brock's 1946 Ford Convertible - The Fordillac
Tommy Thornburgh's 1947 Studebaker
Jack Crabbs' 1948 Buick Roadmaster - The Black Flame
Glen Patrick's 1948 Chevrolet Stylemaster
Benny Furtado's 1948 Ford Convertible
Jim and George Bernardo's 1948 GMC Pickup
Tom Piantkoski's 1948 Mercury Convertible
Marcia Campbell's 1949 Chevrolet Convertible
Qvintus Brusefält Ån's 1949 Chevrolet
Spencer Murray's 1949 Chevrolet
Jim Galvin's 1949 Ford Tudor
Lloyd C. Hammond's 1949 Ford - The Majestic Lady
Lloyd Myers' 1949 Mercury Convertible
Sam Barris' 1950 Buick Sedanette
Erik Lind's 1950 Chevrolet
Bill Hines' 1950 Ford - The Bat
Edward Meritai's 1950 Ford
George Egan's 1950 Ford Convertible - The Apollo
Richard Gregg's 1950 Ford Pickup - The Capri
George Mizzi Jr.'s 1950 Mercury Convertible - The Purple Bug
Ralph Tyrone Scarfo's 1950 Oldsmobile 88 Hardtop
Phil Macchiarella's 1950 Plymouth Four-Door
Chris and Jeni Johnson's 1951 Ford - The Emerald
Robert Ansetta's 1951 Ford Crestliner
Fred Rowe's 1951 Mercury Convertible
Larry Ernst's 1952 Ford Convertible - Pharaoh's Pacer
Nick Cozzitorto's 1952 Ford F-1 Pickup
Ron Fagundes' 1952 Ford Victoria - The Ronbardue Kart
Loma O. Johnson's 1952 Kaiser - The Johnson Special
Jack Nethercutt's 1952 Oldsmobile Holiday 98 - The Vienesse
John Bozio's 1953 Buick Roadmaster
Mikko Kiviniemi's 1953 Chevrolet
Roger Miret's 1954 Chevrolet - "Morphine"
Bill Layman's 1954 Mercury
Scott Roberts' 1954 Mercury
Barry Atkins' 1955 Chevrolet
George Barris' 1955 Chevrolet Truck - The Kopper Kart
Harry Hoskin's 1955 Chevrolet Bel Air
Vic Collins' 1955 Chevrolet Truck - The Kopper Kart Klone
Al Neblett's 1956 Oldsmobile Four-Door - The Batmobile
John Hychko's 1956 Studebaker Golden Hawk - The Polynesian
Rich Pichette's 1957 Chevrolet Sedan Delivery
George Garcia's 1958 Ford Ranchero - The Tiago Ranchero Clone
Peder Behr's 1960 Chrysler New Yorker
Richard Zocchi's Second 1962 Pontiac Grand Prix
Dave Stuckey's 1965 Pontiac Catalina
Helge Solberg's 1967 Chevrolet Camaro - Low'n Blown
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